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1 chaparral
(Sp. model spelled same [t∫aparal] < chaparro 'short, stubby' probably of pre-Roman origin, and apparently related to the dialectal Basque term txapar(ra), a diminutive of saphar(ra) 'thicket' or 'hedge' plus the Spanish collective suffix -al)Texas: 1842. As Watts observes, it appears that this term originally applied exclusively to the scrub oak. It now refers to a number of thicket-forming, often thorny shrubs or small trees, and to a large dense thicket formed by these plants. It may also refer to a plain covered with such unruly brush (see also brasada). Clark indicates that this term applies especially to shrubs and trees of the genera Acacia, Ceanothus, Condalia, Forestiera, and Quercus. Hendrickson notes that this term has become recognized throughout the United States because of its use in western films. The DRAE references chaparral as a place covered in chaparros, which may be either a variety of shrublike oak trees with many branches, or a Central American malpighiaceous bush with clustered flowers, round fruit, and opposite leaves that are thick and petiolate. This second plant grows on dry plains and has thick, knotty, resistant branches used to make walking sticks. Santamaría defines chaparral as either the common name of a wild rhamnaceous plant native to central and northern Mexico ( Condalia obovata), or a place abounding in chaparros. Santamaría gives several definitions for chaparro. It is generally a bush found in tropical regions in the Americas whose rough-textured leaves are sometimes used as sandpaper and whose bark is rich in tannin. On the southern coast of Mexico, it refers to several varieties of oak trees of the genus Quercus. In Tabasco, Mexico, it is an isolated mass of vegetation formed by vines and short trees, and in all of Mexico it is the common name given to the Aythia collaris, a plant native to the northern part of the continent. Islas concurs with the definition given by Santamaría for chaparro in Tabasco, Mexico, but he says that it is a low-lying thicket.Alternate forms: chaparrelle, chaparro, chaperelle, chapparal, chapparall, chapparo, chapparral, chapperell, chapporal.Glossed by Watts as a type of live-oak brush native to southwest Texas. Chaparro prieto is glossed in the DM as a plant of the genus Mimosa. Also known ( in English) as chaparro prieto. -
2 macchia
f spotdi sporco stain( bosco) scruballargarsi a macchia d'olio spread like wildfire* * *macchia1 s.f.1 spot, stain, blot; (piccola) speck: macchia di colore, blob of colour; macchia di fango, spot of mud; macchia d'inchiostro, ink blot (o smudge of ink); macchia di sangue, bloodstain; macchia di unto, grease stain; macchia di vino, wine stain; macchia di umidità (su carta), fox mark; una vecchia stampa con macchie di umidità, a foxed old engraving; con macchie, spotted; marmo bianco con macchie nere, white marble with black spots; è rimasta la macchia, the stain hasn't come out; questa macchia non va via, this stain won't come out; il suo vestito era coperto di macchie, her dress was covered with stains; fare una macchia, to make (o to leave) a dirty mark; levare una macchia, to take out (o to remove) a stain; quella macchia ha lasciato un alone, that stain has left a ring // particolare che fa macchia in un quadro, detail that stands out in a picture // allargarsi a macchia d'olio, to spread in all directions; (fig.) to spread like wildfire; gli scioperi si diffondevano a macchia d'olio in tutto il paese, strikes were spreading like wildfire all over the country; la città si estende a macchia d'olio, the town is sprawling outwards // (fot. cinem.) macchia di luce, hot-spot // (fis.) macchia di riflessione, flare-spot (o flare ghost) // (tv) macchia fluorescente, fluorescent spot2 (fig.) blemish, spot, stain, blot: la macchia del peccato, the stain (o taint) of sin; una macchia sull'onore di qlcu., a stain (o blot) on s.o.'s honour; non ha macchie sulla coscienza, he has nothing on his conscience // senza macchia, spotless (o stainless o unblemished o unsullied); nome, reputazione senza macchia, unblemished (o spotless) name, reputation3 (med.) macula: macchia cieca, macula lutea4 (zool.) spot: le macchie di un leopardo, the spots of a leopard; macchia a forma di occhio, ocellus; macchia della coda, (del pavone) eye; macchia bianca, (sulla fronte di cavallo o bue) blaze5 (astr.) spot: macchie solari, sunspots; macchia rossa, (di Marte) great red spot6 (pitt.) rough sketch: fare, dipingere alla macchia, to sketch.macchia2 s.f. (boscaglia) bush, scrub; copse, thicket; maquis; (dei deserti nordamericani) chaparral; terreno a macchia, scrub-land // alla macchia, (clandestinamente) clandestinely: stampare un libro alla macchia, to print a book clandestinely // darsi alla macchia, to take to the bush (o maquis), (fig.) (rendersi irreperibile) to go into hiding // vivere alla macchia, to be an outlaw.* * *I ['makkja] sfcoprirsi di macchie — (pelle) to come out in a rash
II ['makkja] sfestendersi a macchia d'olio — (fig : rivolta, epidemia) to spread rapidly, (città) to grow rapidly
(boscaglia) scrubdarsi/vivere alla macchia fig — to go into/live in hiding
* * *I ['makkja]sostantivo femminile1) (zona sporca, segno) stain; (piccola) spot; (di vernice) blot; (sulla pelle) blotch, mark, blemish2) fig. stain, blotsenza macchia — [ re putazione] spotless, unblemished; [ vita] blameless
•macchia solare — astr. sunspot
••II ['makkja]sostantivo femminile (boscaglia) scrub, brush••* * *macchia1/'makkja/sostantivo f.1 (zona sporca, segno) stain; (piccola) spot; (di vernice) blot; (sulla pelle) blotch, mark, blemish; macchia d'inchiostro ink stain; macchia di umidità damp patch; macchia di sangue bloodstain; ti sei fatto una macchia sui pantaloni you've got a stain on your trousers; le -e del leopardo the leopard's spots; - e di colore splashes of colourespandersi a macchia d'olio to spread like wildfire\macchia solare astr. sunspot.————————macchia2/'makkja/sostantivo f.(boscaglia) scrub, brush\darsi alla macchia to go into hiding\macchia mediterranea maquis.
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